Yom Yerushalayim / יום ירושלים
Jerusalem Day is an Israeli national holiday commemorating the reunification of Jerusalem and the establishment of Israeli control over the Old City in June 1967. The Chief Rabbinate of Israel declared Jerusalem Day a minor religious holiday to thank God for victory in the Six-Day War and for answering the 2,000-year-old prayer of "Next Year in Jerusalem".
In 1947, when the United Nations approved the plan to partition the
British Mandate of Israel into a Jewish state and an Arab state, they
determined that Jerusalem would be an “international city” for a period
of ten years. The plan was approved by the Jews, and the day after it
came into effect, the new state was attacked by the surrounding Arab
states (as the Arabs had not accepted the partition plan).
At the time of the cease-fire that ended the 1948 War for
Independence, Jordan was in control of the Old City and eastern
Jerusalem. Jews lost all access to the Western Wall, the holiest site of
the Jewish faith as it is the last standing structure from the wall
mount that supported the Holy Temple, and nearly all of the Jewish
Quarter of the Old City was destroyed.
On June 5, 1967, the Middle East was once again at war. Although the
war itself lasted six days, the battle for Jerusalem was over in two. On
June 7, 1967 – 28 Iyar 5727 – Jewish troops took the Old City and, for
the first time in almost twenty years, Jewish prayers were recited at
the Western Wall.
Eleven months later, the government of Israel declared a new holiday,
Jerusalem Day, Yom Yerushalayim, on the 28th of the Hebrew month of
Iyar. In Israel on this day, there are state ceremonies and parades, as
well as commemorations for the soldiers who died in the battle for
Jerusalem. Yom Yerushalayim is also celebrated in many communities
outside of Israel with special assemblies and programs. Religious
observance of this holiday, by means of the recitation of Hallel, varies
by community.
This year, Yom Yerushalayim, Jerusalem Reunification Day, is observed this Saturday evening, May 19th through Sunday night, May 20th. This year marks the 45th anniversary of the reunification of the city.
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